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Marine gasoil (MGO) describes marine fuels that consist exclusively of distillates. Distillates are all those components of crude oil that evaporate in fractional distillation and are then condensed from the gas phase into liquid fractions. Marine gasoil usually consists of a blend of various distillates. Marine gasoil is similar to diesel fuel, but has a higher density. Unlike heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine gasoil does not have to be heated during storage.

The ISO 8217 DMA quality label has a maximum permissible value of 1.5%. Low sulfur marine gasoil (LS-MGO) has a sulfur content of less than 0.1%. This marine fuel can be used in EU ports or Emission Control Areas (ECAs), which among other things impose a sulfur emissions limit corresponding to that of LS-MGO.

Broadly speaking, a bunker fuel is defined as the fuel that powers the internal combustion engine of a ship and it is bunker C or No. 6 fuel oil. This is the most common “bunker fuel” and it is often a synonym for No. 6 fuel oil. No. 6 fuel oil is also commonly called “Heavy Fuel Oil” (HFO), and it is a high-viscosity residual oil requiring preheating to
104-127 °C.

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency. Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen, making emission upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils.

The mixing model ratios are calculated from absolute concentrations of C2-dibenzothiophenes and C2-phenanthrenes in the source oils. Some error may be introduced because the MDO was not included in the model, however, given the relatively small volume of MDO on the vessel and the lack of a clear MDO signal in the field samples, any bias would be minor.